Bomb shelter ventilation: types of ventilation systems for shelters and rules for arranging ventilation in protective structures

In modern conditions, a bomb shelter is not just a room for temporary shelter, but a full-fledged space where people's comfort and safety must be ensured. One of the main systems in such protective structures is the ventilation of the bomb shelter, which performs critically important functions - from air purification to protection against exposure to hazardous substances.

A high-quality ventilation system can not only provide a constant flow of clean air, but also prevent the ingress of chemicals, dust, smoke, and aerosols. A bomb shelter often uses a special fan, a backdraft valve, an air filtration system, and filter absorbers designed to combat hazardous impurities in the event of radiation or chemical contamination.

Why is bomb shelter ventilation important in critical situations

In shelters where people can stay for hours or even days, ventilation solves several important problems at once:

• Fresh air enters, which maintains a normal oxygen level.
• Excess CO₂ and moisture are removed from the indoor air.
• Humidity levels are reduced, which is important for avoiding condensation and mold.
• Prevents the accumulation of dust and other hazardous substances.
• Through filters, the air is cleaned of fine particles, biological or chemical substances.

In bomb shelters where there is no natural ventilation, ventilation must be provided by supply or combined systems.

Types of ventilation systems for shelters. Ventilation requirements

There are three main types of ventilation that can be used in shelters:

1. Natural ventilation — works due to temperature and pressure differences, but requires the correct location of air ducts and is not stable in emergency situations.
2. Mechanical ventilation systems — are provided by fans that operate from electric or autonomous energy sources. They effectively supply air and allow the use of air filtration systems.
3. Combined installations — combine both principles and can operate in different modes, which is the best option for protective structures.

In all cases, it is important to provide a device for air regeneration and filters that can neutralize substances of radioactive or chemical origin.

Main characteristics of the ventilation system. Types and rules of arrangement

An effective ventilation system in a bomb shelter must meet the following requirements:

• Performance — sufficient air flow for everyone present.
• A high-quality air filtration system, including absorber filters and HEPA elements.
• Autonomous operation — in case of limited energy sources.
• Heating the air or maintaining the temperature when weather conditions require it.
• Mechanical supply control, which guarantees the stability of air exchange.

It is also worth considering the location of ventilation equipment to minimize air loss and effective protection.

Recommendations for choosing ventilation equipment in bomb shelters

When choosing ventilation for a shelter, it is important to consider:

• Number of people and size of the bomb shelter.
• Duration of stay — accordingly, the system power.
• Type of fans: axial, radial or specialized.
• Presence of filters capable of retaining hazardous substances.
• Backup power sources.
• Requirements for human protection: is it necessary to protect against radiation, chemical or biological damage?

In this case, if there is no ready-made solution, it is better to contact Ventilator.ua engineers who will help design an individual system taking into account all threats.